Personnalité historique

Matsudaira Norikata

Daimyō of Okutono, then of Tanoguchi (Tatsuoka) · Wakadoshiyori · Rōjū · Viscount (1884) · Count (1907)

Matsudaira Norikata (1839-1910), known after 1869 as Ōgyū Yuzuru, was the last daimyō of the Okutono domain and then of Tanoguchi (Tatsuoka), and one of the senior officials of the Tokugawa shogunate at the end of the Edo period. A proponent of Western-style military modernisation and French methods, he had the Tatsuoka star fort (1864-1867) built at Taguchi, in present-day Saku city, one of only two bastioned fortifications of this type in Japan. Having sided with the new regime during the Boshin War, he then served the Meiji government, designing the Japanese system of decorations and co-founding the Hakuaisha, forerunner of the Japanese Red Cross.

Portrait de Matsudaira Norikata
Naissance18 décembre 1839, Okutono (province de Mikawa)
Décès26 janvier 1910
FonctionDaimyō of Okutono, then of Tanoguchi (Tatsuoka) · Wakadoshiyori
MaisonOgyū-Matsudaira
ÉpoqueBakumatsu and Meiji era
Histoire & patrimoine

A reforming daimyō

Heading a small domain divided between Mikawa and Shinano, Norikata stood out in the final years of the shogunate for his interest in Western military techniques. He trained peasants of his domain using methods inspired by the West, then, once rōjū, advocated the use of French instructors and the creation of an army of conscripts.

Fort de TatsuokaFort de Tatsuoka
Frise chronologique

Repères dans sa vie

1839

Born in Okutono, in Mikawa Province.

1863

Appointed Ōbangashira and then wakadoshiyori; obtains the transfer of the seat of his domain from Okutono to Tanoguchi, in Shinano.

1864-1867

Construction of the Tatsuoka star fort at Taguchi (Saku), at a cost of approximately 40,000 ryō.

1866

Becomes rōjū; advocates French military advisers and an army of conscripts.

1868-1869

Refuses to fight the imperial forces during the Boshin War; in 1869, adopts the name Ōgyū.

1873

Joins the Meiji government, tasked with studying foreign decorations and designing a Japanese system.

Années 1870-1880

Co-founds the Hakuaisha with Sano Tsunetami, forerunner of the Japanese Red Cross.

1884

Made a viscount within the kazoku peerage system; raised to the rank of count in 1907.

1910

Died on 26 January.

Patrimoine associé

Les châteaux liés à cette personnalité

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Matsudaira Norikata dans l’histoire

Tatsuoka Fort

The transfer of his seat to Tanoguchi, decided in 1863, gave rise to Tatsuoka Fort, laid out in a star shape like Hakodate's Goryōkaku. For lack of resources, the structure remained a lightly armed jin'ya, but it bears witness to the spread of European fortification models in Japan. The city of Saku now presents his life at the site's visitor centre.

Documentation

Sources de la fiche

Cette synthèse croise plusieurs sources pour documenter les lieux, événements et relations historiques.